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עמוד:6
Time Capsule The mind has been a mystery to philosophers and scientists since the time of Ancient Greece . Modern brain science , or neurology , has discovered a lot about the functions of the brain . Recent technological developments have helped neurologists better understand how the brain works . Below are excerpts from a medical encyclopedia . ? Look at the illustrations next to the excerpts and discuss how each is connected to the brain . ? Read the excerpts and find out how people have explained the purpose and functions of the brain in the past and present . Ancient Greece Hippocrates * lived in Ancient Greece between 460 and 380 B . C . E . * and is remembered as the father of medicine . At that time , very little was known about diseases and their causes . Hippocrates was the first to suggest that natural factors cause disease — both mental and physical . He also observed that each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body . According to Hippocrates , the brain , rather than the heart , controls our intellectual abilities , our feelings and senses . His work brought a strong ethical code to medical practice and made medicine a respected profession . The Middle Ages and the Renaissance In the Middle Ages ( up to the 15 "' century ) , people believed that the brain could be affected by demons and spirits . The illustration shows a doctor treating mental illness by putting the patient ' s head in an oven to force out the demons . During the Renaissance ( 1450-1650 ) , scientists and thinkers began to study the work of the Ancient Greek and Roman doctors . They reintroduced the Greek belief that both mental and physical diseases were the result of natural causes . In addition , they began to study the anatomy of the brain when they dissected * bodies . From their investigations , they suggested that the brain had three main parts . Each part was responsible for a specific mental function : sensory perception , reason and imagination and memory . By the end of the 17 "' century , a new word had appeared in English — "neurologie" * — to describe the study of neuroanatomy . * Hippocrates — The Hippocratic Oath , which is taken by all doctors upon completing their medical studies , is named after Hippocrates . * B . C . E . — "Before the Christian Era , " before the year 0 . * dissected — cut up ( a dead body ) in order to study it . * neurologie — old English spelling of "neurology . "
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